低碳觀光島策略規劃計畫
摘要
為因應全球暖化與氣候變遷問題，國內節能減碳之推動勢在必行，同時也帶動低碳觀光之興起。本計畫目標為透過彙整分析國內外低碳策略個案經驗，擬定適合台灣本土之低碳觀光策略規劃與低碳績效指標，進而以綠島和小琉球兩觀光島為示範案例，提出打造兩島為「低碳觀光島」之具體行動方案。
首先，本計畫從綠色基礎設施、低碳觀光經營和低碳觀光遊客行為三方面進行國外案例與研究之文獻回顧，將重要且於國內可行性高之理念、規劃、技術、資訊等納入後續策略規劃中。接著，為瞭解國內觀光產業現況以及推動低碳觀光之潛力與預期困難，除從整體角度分析國內觀光背景問題外，本團隊亦實際前往綠島和小琉球兩座觀光島嶼作現地勘查，遂整理歸納五項推動低碳觀光時首要需被考量之面向，包括綠色基礎設施、經營管理機制、環境教育訓練、生態旅遊推動與夥伴關係建立。績效指標研擬部份，依據所蒐集之一手和二手資料，以及對綠島和小琉球遊客及在地業者施放問卷，在經過三個階段修訂後共研擬10項低碳觀光指標，分別為再生能源、節約能源、綠色運輸、低碳建築、環境綠化、資源循環、低碳生活、資源管理、教育訓練和夥伴關係，且認為一套有效指標為後續推動執行與成效評估之重要根據。最後，本計畫以綠島和小琉球為例，依據前述所擬指標架構進行低碳觀光推動方案規劃，並且提出後續執行分工與工作期程初步規劃。
本計畫進一步建議，後續計畫可針對實際執行推動之經驗，對績效指標作定性與量化，使之更具可信度即可操作性；此外，期望憑藉在綠島和小琉球推動經驗，更廣泛推廣至其他離島和台灣本島地區。不論節能減碳措施或低碳觀光之推動，皆有賴中央至地方各部會與相關民間產業間相互的配合與資源整合，故期待各界能達成共識並重視此項課題。
Abstract
In response to serious issues on global warming and climate change, the promotion of reducing domestic carbon emission becomes more imperative, which includes decreasing carbon emission from tourists. The goals of this project are to collect different foreign cases devoted to reducing carbon emissions, to establish low-carbon tourism indicators suitable for Taiwan’s conditions, and to select two islands, the Green Island and the Liu Chiu Island, as model examples, proposing specific planning strategies in order to transfer the islands into “low-carbon tourism islands”. Detailed work methods and results are as follow:
1. By reviewing literatures on green infrastructures, green tourism management and tourists behaviors, the project integrated applicable concepts, strategies, techniques and information into the follow-up planning.
2. In order to understand the present situation as well as potentiality of low-carbon tourism development in Taiwan, our team conducted fieldwork in the Green Island and the Liu Chiu Island. As a result, five key items were identified as the basis of promoting low-carbon tourism into action, including green infrastructures, management mechanism of tourism, environmental education and training, ecotourism promotion and building of local partnership.
3. The establishment of the low-carbon tourism indicators depended on several second-hand data and the outcome of questionnaires analysis. After three revisions, ten indicators were drawn up, containing renewable energy, energy saving, green transportation, green building, environment greening, recycling, low-carbon living, resources management, education and training, and the last one, partnership.
4. According to the indicators mentioned above and the experiences from reviewing cases, the project proposed the Green Island and the Liu Chiu Island more specific planning on development strategies, division of implementation and future working processes.
Finally, we recommended the follow-up projects to be implemented based on the experiences to improve future planning, and to make the indicators more quantifiable and credible. We expected in addition to the Green Island and the Liu Chiu Island, other potential areas in Taiwan will benefit from the advancement of low-carbon tourism. As the central/local government and numerous ministries, institutes, non-government organizations were concerned with promoting policies, we further suggested that both government and the public should cooperate harmoniously, and reach a consensus of integrating holistic information and resources, and should continuously keep high attention on significant issues and development targets.
